表观遗传学
表观基因组
DNA甲基化
生物
微生物群
自闭症
自闭症谱系障碍
肠道菌群
代谢组
组蛋白
遗传学
心理学
肠-脑轴
失调
生物信息学
基因
免疫学
基因表达
代谢组学
发展心理学
作者
Rafail I. Kushak,A. Sengupta,Harland S. Winter
摘要
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable impairment of cognitive function and interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, some individuals with ASD have gastrointestinal disorders that have been correlated with impairments in intestinal microbiota. Gut microbiota are important not only for intestinal health, but also for many other functions including food digestion, energy production, immune system regulation, and, according to current data, behavior. Disruption of the indigenous microbiota, microbial dysbiosis (imbalance between microorganisms present in the gut), overgrowth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, a less diverse microbiome, or lower levels of beneficial bacteria in children with ASD can affect behavior. Metabolome analysis in children with ASD has identified perturbations in multiple metabolic pathways that might be associated with cognitive functions. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal microbiome provides environmental signals that can modify host response to stimuli by modifying the host epigenome, which affects DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. The most studied microbiota-produced epigenetic modifiers are short-chain fatty acids, although other products of intestinal microbiota might also cause epigenetic modifications in the host's DNA. Here we review evidence suggesting that epigenetic alterations caused by modification of gene expression play an important role in understanding ASD.
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