Resveratrol: A comprehensive review of its multifaceted health benefits, mechanisms of action, and potential therapeutic applications in chronic disease

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in various plants, has garnered significant attention for its potential health benefits. With the global rise in chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular issues, and diabetes, there is a growing interest in alternative interventions. Resveratrol, known for its antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties, has shown promise in laboratory studies for preventing chronic diseases and extending lifespan. Despite the challenges of implementing caloric restriction in real-life situations, resveratrol has emerged as a potential alternative. Found in foods like red grapes, berries, peanuts, and dark chocolate, resveratrol exhibits diverse effects on apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation. It addresses various pathways, including NF-kB and PI3K/Akt, making it a candidate for conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Clinical trials have explored resveratrol's safety, suggesting doses of up to 5 g per day are generally well-tolerated. However, its effectiveness can be influenced by factors like bioavailability and individual responses. Resveratrol's anticancer effects, antidiabetic properties, cardioprotective mechanisms, hepatoprotective benefits, neuroprotective potential, and antimicrobial activities highlight its versatility in addressing multifaceted health challenges. This review examines resveratrol's health benefits through a systematic analysis of 89 articles from 2000 to 2023. Using keywords like "resveratrol," "health benefits," and "chronic diseases" in searches on platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, the study focuses on its antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties. As ongoing research continues to unravel the full spectrum of resveratrol's capabilities, it remains a subject of interest for potential pharmaceutical applications in combating diverse human diseases.