Review on Exploration of 2D Materials in the Design and Engineering of Gas Sensors, Water Splitting, and Supercapacitors

Abstract The discovery of graphene has accelerated progress in nanotechnology, particularly in the development of 2D nanomaterials. Owing to their exceptional physical and chemical properties, 2D materials have gained significant attention for use in electronics, catalysis, energy storage, and sensing. Their high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and tunable chemical characteristics make them ideal for applications such as gas sensors, water splitting, and supercapacitors. In gas sensing, they enhance sensitivity and selectivity; in water splitting, they improve hydrogen production efficiency; and in supercapacitors, they offer rapid charge‐discharge rates and enhanced stability. This review examines recent advancements in the synthesis of 2D metal nanomaterials, comparing techniques such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, and template‐assisted growth. Each method is assessed for its control over material quality, scalability, cost‐effectiveness, and application potential. By integrating these synthesis strategies with practical applications, this work provides a concise understanding of the transformative role 2D materials play in advancing modern technologies. It serves as a valuable reference for researchers and engineers seeking efficient synthetic approaches and innovative uses of 2D nanostructures in emerging fields.