2 Adsorption study via biomaterials

With advancements in Nanochemistry, formulations of biomaterials have gained importance in biomedical applications for therapeutic and nontherapeutic purposes. Biomaterials have been studied for their regenerative applications in tissue engineering to provide scaffold and support for diverse cellular activities, as a biotherapeutic agent. After implantation, different biomolecules are adsorbed onto the surface of biomaterial for different activities. Irrespective of activity, biomolecules are either physically or chemically adsorbed on the surface. Physical adsorption results from entrapment of the biomolecule or forming layers, while chemical adsorption involves a chemical reaction for tethering biomolecule to surface. The adsorption and consequent activity of biomaterial are influenced by the surface chemistry and biocompatibility of biomaterial surface and biomolecules in order to avoid nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules. Thus, surface chemistry characterizes encouraging directions to specifically engineer its biofunctionality at the biomaterial-cellular interface to control related biological response, without changing overall properties of biomaterial. The concept of adsorption methods as also surface modifications to avoid nonspecific adsorption and the techniques to study the mechanism of adsorption and chemistry of adsorbed and adsorbing molecules are provided in this chapter.