Analysis of Collaborative Assembly in Multi-User Computer-Aided Design

Abstract Cloud-based multi-user computer-aided design (MUCAD) tools have the potential to revolutionize design team collaboration. Previous research focusing on parametric part modeling suggests that teams collaborating through MUCAD are more efficient at producing a CAD model than individual designers. While these studies are enlightening, there is a significant gap in understanding the impact of MUCAD on assembly modeling, despite assembly’s crucial role in the design process. Part and assembly models are both defined by parametric relationships, but assembly models lack hierarchical feature dependency; we propose that by modularizing tasks and executing them in parallel, teams can optimize the assembly process in ways not possible with part modeling. Our study aims to examine and compare CAD assembly performance between individuals and virtual collaborative teams using the same cloud MUCAD platform. Through analyzing team communication, workflow, task allocation, and collaboration challenges of teams comprising 1–4 members, we identify factors that contribute to or hinder the success of multi-user CAD teams. Our results show that teams can complete an assembly in less calendar time than a single user, but single users are more efficient on a per-person basis, due to communication and coordination overheads. Notably, pairs exhibit an assembly bonus effect. These findings provide initial insights into the realm of collaborative CAD assembly work, highlighting the potential of MUCAD to enhance the capabilities of modern product design teams.