Transcription Levels of SDR Gene Ao274 in Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Regulates Configurations and Oxidation Patterns of Arthrobotrisins and Formation of Trapping Devices

Here, we report hierarchical functions of a putative short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase gene Ao274 for arthrobotrisin biosynthesis in nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora via an enhanced promoter. Transcriptional analysis revealed that Ao274 exhibited much higher transcriptional levels than all other genes in the arthrobotrisin biosynthetic pathway. We generated four mutants of two types with varying reductions in Ao274 transcription through gene swap experiments. Target isolation and structural elucidation of ten novel intermediates accumulated in the mutants demonstrated that high transcriptional levels are crucial for the hierarchical activity of Ao274, which is responsible for double carbonyl reductions and oxygenations at distinct carbon positions, preferentially acting on carbonyl reduction at C-1, followed by oxygen addition at C-1'. Additionally, variations in Ao274 transcription levels significantly affected conidial formation and trapping device development in A. oligospora. Our findings provide new insights into the chemical and biological functions of short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family genes regulated by transcriptional levels.