Flavobacterium adhaerens sp. nov. and Flavobacterium maritimum sp. nov., two novel flavobacteria isolated from the Pearl River Estuary

Two strains, designated as SYSU M80004 T and SYSU M80005 T , were isolated from water sampled in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. The strains were Gram-stain-negative and aerobic. Strain SYSU M80004 T could grow at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 22–30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 0–1 % NaCl (w/v; optimum 0 %). Strain SYSU M80005 T could grow at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 4–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 0–1 % NaCl (w/v; optimum 0%). Both strains contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. C 16 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 0 were identified as the major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain SYSU M80004 T while strain SYSU M80005 T contained iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH as major fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine was present as the major polar lipid in both strains. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between these two strains and their closest relatives were 73.5–79.3 % and 19.6–23.2 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequences indicated they belonged to the genus Flavobacterium . Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, physiological, chemotaxonomic and genomic evidence, two novel species, Flavobacterium adhaerens sp. nov. (type strain=SYSU M80004 T =CDMCC 1.4522 T =KCTC 102268 T ) and Flavobacterium maritimum sp. nov. (type strain=SYSU M80005 T =CGMCC 1.4523 T = KCTC 102269 T ) are proposed.