Strengthening Environmental Governance in Kyrgyzstan: Legal Reforms and Policy Recommendations for Ensuring Citizens’ Right to a Safe Environment

The purpose of this study is to examine the environmental challenges posed by tailings storage facilities in Kyrgyzstan, focusing on their impact on citizens’ right to a safe environment. Key issues identified include water pollution, hazardous waste management, and inadequate regulatory oversight. Using environmental reports and legal documents, as well as a risk assessment of critical sites like the Kumtor mine, the study highlights gaps in existing legislation and institutional mechanisms. The findings underscore the urgent need for systematic data updates, transparent licensing, and enhanced monitoring systems to strengthen environmental protection. To address these challenges, we propose several actionable recommendations: implementing independent public audits, developing a digital platform for real-time environmental monitoring, and introducing mandatory environmental certifications for mining companies. These measures aim to ensure that Kyrgyz citizens have access to a healthier and safer environment, while also supporting sustainable resource management.