Hypoparathyroidism due to iron overload in beta-thalassemia patients

Introduction and Aim: Beta-thalassemia is a genetic blood condition characterized by a lack of or abnormal globin chain synthesis, resulting in low hemoglobin levels needing repeated blood transfusions. Iron overload and skeletal issues are frequently observed in beta-thalassemia patients. The current study aims to assess the bone status of beta-thalassemia major patients who are on treatment with repeated blood transfusion and compare it to thalassemia patients who do not require blood transfusion. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, conducted between December 2021 and April 2022 at Al-Shams Medical Laboratory, Diayla Governorate, 150 subjects were included consisting of 100 thalassemia patients and 50 healthy individuals. Results: This study revealed that in patients with minor and moderate thalassemia, the levels of red blood and white blood cells considerably increased. Additionally, both minor and major thalassemia patients had significantly higher platelet counts, and a considerably higher iron and ferritin levels. PTH, vitamin D, calcium, and calcium phosphate levels all significantly decreased in major thalassemia patients when compared to patients with moderate thalassemia and the control group, however phosphorus levels sharply increased. Conclusion: Patients with significant thalassemia have an unstable bone profile and hence, regular bone profile monitoring is recommended. In addition, such individuals are also advised to take calcium and vitamin D supplements and receive strong nutritional support.