A framework for analyzing the effects of modifiable areal unit problem on ecological security pattern

Ecological security pattern (ESP) provide a solution to balance ecosystems and urban development. The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) is a well-known geographical issue that affects the understanding of ecological processes and the results of spatial modeling. However, only a few studies have explicitly clarified the effects of MAUP on ESP. Herein, we propose new methods for identifying ecological sources and mapping the resistance surface, as well as a framework for analyzing the effects of MAUP on ESP. Our results indicate that (1) the datasets used for identifying ecological sources should possess a grain size of smaller than 300 × 300 m2. (2) The resistance surface directly influenced the results of the ecological corridors and nodes. (3) MAUP could generate uncertainties in ESP policymaking. Additionally, this study developed comprehensive network analysis tools based on graph machine learning to analyze the effect of MAUP on ESP policymaking, which can provide important landscape planning. The network analysis approaches may help policymakers gain a comprehensive understanding of the ESP network to improve the credibility of policies.