Industrialization is a process by which the industrial sectors come to play a dominant role in the national economy and an agrarian society is transformed into an industrial society. The driving forces of industrialization are different at the various stages of industrialization in history. The pathways to industrialization also vary between different countries. Despite the rapid industrialization of some less developed countries in the past several decades, the global unevenness of industrialization has persisted between and within countries. Industrialization has brought greats benefits to societies, but large‐scale industrialization has also caused a lot of problems.