Current status of underwater wireless communication techniques: A Review

In the current scenario, underwater wireless communication is an emerging research domain due to its various applications in offshore oil drilling, ocean climate monitoring, military applications and deep ocean resource exploration. Underwater wireless communication (UWWC) relies on techniques such as radio frequency, optical, magnetic induction and acoustic communication. Underwater channels are challenging due to severe attenuation, ambient noise, multipath time-varying propagation and severe Doppler Effect. One of the requirements is to choose a proper underwater wireless communication technique to utilize for various applications in shallow and deep ocean. This paper reviews various underwater wireless communication techniques. This paper provides the literature review of radio frequency, optical, magnetic induction and acoustic communication techniques in order to understand the key aspects of these technologies.