Hierarchically biomimetic bone scaffold materials: Nano‐HA/collagen/PLA composite

Abstract A bone scaffold material (nano‐HA/ collagen/PLA composite) was developed by biomimetic synthesis. It shows some features of natural bone both in main composition and hierarchical microstructure. Nano‐hydroxyapatite and collagen assembled into mineralized fibril. The three‐dimensional porous scaffold materials mimic the microstructure of cancellous bone. Cell culture and animal model tests showed that the composite material is bioactive. The osteoblasts were separated from the neonatal rat calvaria. Osteoblasts adhered, spread, and proliferated throughout the pores of the scaffold material within a week. A 15‐mm segmental defect model in the radius of the rabbit was used to evaluate the bone‐remodeling ability of the composite. Combined with 0.5 mg rhBMP‐2, the material block was implanted into the defect. The segmental defect was integrated 12 weeks after surgery, and the implanted composite was partially substituted by new bone tissue. This scaffold composite has promise for the clinical repair of large bony defects according to the principles of bone tissue engineering. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 69B: 158–165, 2004