The effect of Belum discrete carbon fibers on the service properties and structure of polytetrafluoroethylene has been studied. It has been shown that a filling of polytetrafluoroethylene with 1–5 wt % of carbon fibers does not worsen the stress–strain properties of composites. The introduction of carbon fibers improves the tribological characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene. The thermodynamic and structural studied of polymer composites have been performed.