蛋白质水解
细胞外基质
组织蛋白酶
细胞生物学
自噬
肝星状细胞
医学
纤维化
蛋白酶
蛋白酵素
病理
生物
化学
生物化学
细胞凋亡
酶
内分泌学
作者
Paloma Ruiz-Blázquez,Valeria Pistorio,María Fernández-Fernández,Anna Moles
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.06.031
摘要
Summary
Proteases are the most abundant enzyme gene family in vertebrates and they execute essential functions in all living organisms. Their main role is to hydrolase the peptide bond within proteins, a process also called proteolysis. Contrary to the conventional paradigm, proteases are not only random catalytic devices, but can perform highly selective and targeted cleavage of specific substrates, finely modulating multiple essential cellular processes. Lysosomal protease cathepsins comprise 3 families of proteases that preferentially act within acidic cellular compartments, but they can also be found in other cellular locations. They can operate alone or as part of signalling cascades and regulatory circuits, playing important roles in apoptosis, extracellular matrix remodelling, hepatic stellate cell activation, autophagy and metastasis, contributing to the initiation, development and progression of liver disease. In this review, we comprehensively summarise current knowledge on the role of lysosomal cathepsins in liver disease, with a particular emphasis on liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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