Transfer hydrogenation of bio-fuel with formic acid over biomass-derived N-doped carbon supported acid-resistant Pd catalyst

The strong Pd–N interaction on biomass-derived N-doped highly mesoporous carbons (NMCs) generates co-existence of electron-deficient Pd (Pd^δ+) and metallic Pd (Pd⁰), leading to Pd/NMC as novel bifunctional catalyst for both FA dehydrogenation and vanillin hydrogenation.