Trends in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Mortality in Europe from 1992 to 2021

Abstract Background Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, causing 58,000 deaths in 2022. While incidence rates are rising, mortality trends vary globally, especially in Europe. Objectives To analyze melanoma mortality trends across 28 European countries from 1992 to 2021, focusing on sex and specific age groups (under 45, 45–74, and 75+ years). Methods A longitudinal ecological study was conducted, using melanoma mortality data from the Global Burden of Disease database (1992-2021). Data from 28 European countries were categorized into four regions. We stratified mortality data by age and sex, calculating age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) using the 2013 European Standard Population. Joinpoint regression identified trend changes, analyzing the independent effects of age, period, and cohort factors. Results Mortality rates varied significantly by country, gender, and age. Patients over 75 accounted for increased ASMRs until 2015, while younger patients’ mortality rates have declined since the 1990s. Notably, ASMRs for those over 75 have stabilized or declined in recent years. ASMRs rose for both sexes across all cohorts born up to the 1950s and 1960s, leveling off afterward. However, recent cohorts in Central and Eastern Europe, along with men in Northern Europe, show an upward trend. Conclusions This study highlights the complexity of melanoma mortality trends and the significant impact of age and sex. The observed increases in Central and Eastern Europe and among males in Northern Europe necessitate continued monitoring and adaptive strategies to address potential mortality rate increases in these demographics.