Continuous Flow Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Reduction: Materials, Mechanisms, and System Design

Continuous flow photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction technology, which integrates synergistic photo and thermal energy utilization, offers an innovative pathway to address global energy and environmental challenges. This comprehensive review examines recent advancements in material design, reaction mechanisms, and reactor engineering while highlighting how continuous flow systems enhance photothermal CO2 reduction performance. First of all, we elucidate the intrinsic relationships among light absorption, thermal conversion, and charge carrier separation efficiency through microstructural engineering of photothermal materials. The critical role of interface engineering in optimizing photothermal synergy is emphasized. Second, we analyze the advantages of continuous flow reactors in enhancing mass/heat transfer, mitigating catalyst deactivation, and enabling precise control over reaction conditions. The impacts of various reactor configurations on CO2 reduction pathways and product selectivity are systematically evaluated. Eventually, we project potential of the technology in establishing efficient carbon cycles and renewable energy storage systems. Key future research directions are outlined, including the development of smart catalytic materials, multi energy field coupled systems, and mechanistic studies on multiphase interfacial mass transfer reaction coupling. This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and practical insights for advancing continuous flow photothermal CO2 reduction technology, accelerating its industrial deployment in CO2 valorization.