Heat transfer in cutting and grinding processes: mechanisms, models, and applications

Abstract The heat transfer process is a critical topic in the field of cutting and grinding machining, playing a vital role in reducing machining temperatures and improving machining quality. In these operations, heat transfer is generally characterized by specific parameters, including the energy distribution coefficient and the convective heat transfer coefficient. These parameters affect the magnitude and direction of energy flow in the heat transfer process, directly impacting cutting and grinding temperatures. However, comprehensive reviews summarizing current studies on heat transfer processes are lacking. To effectively control heat transfer, thereby managing cutting/grinding temperatures while improving workpiece surface quality, it is essential that we understand how machining parameters, material properties, and cooling methods influence the heat transfer, and this knowledge is critical for guiding the practical production. This paper analyzes and summarizes heat transfer process parameter models in cutting and grinding operations. First, the study examines energy flow and distribution ratios during cutting and grinding processes, classifying and summarizing various energy partition coefficient models based on different research methods. Second, convective cooling mechanisms in cutting and grinding machining are analyzed, summarizing models of convective heat transfer coefficients. The paper then reviews the practical application of these models, highlighting the influence law of each factor on the models. Finally, the most widely recognized and accurate models of heat transfer process parameters are summarized and identified, analyzing the mechanisms by which different factors alter these parameters. Based on current challenges in heat transfer process parameter research, the paper proposes possible future research directions. The goal is to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for advancing research in heat transfer and improving thermal control in machining.