The Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Malignancies via Regulatory Cell Death Pathways and the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: A Review of Recent Advances

中医药 坏死性下垂 上睑下垂 免疫系统 肿瘤微环境 癌症研究 免疫疗法 程序性细胞死亡 医学 免疫原性细胞死亡 癌症 自噬 细胞凋亡 免疫学 替代医学 生物 炎症 病理 内科学 生物化学 炎症体
作者
Jing-Ya Fu,Xie Xiao-xia,Huimin Yao,Haijuan Xiao,Zhuoqun Li,Zhenzhi Wang,Ran Ju,Yan Zhao,Zhijun Liu,Nana Zhang
出处
期刊:The American Journal of Chinese Medicine [World Scientific]
卷期号:52 (01): 137-160 被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1142/s0192415x2450006x
摘要

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has achieved high clinical efficacy in treating malignancies in recent years and is thus gradually becoming an important therapy for patients with advanced tumor for its benefits in reducing side effects and improving patients’ immune status. However, it has not been internationally recognized for cancer treatment because TCM’s anti-tumor mechanism is not fully elucidated, limiting its clinical application and international promotion. This review traced the mechanism of the TCM-mediated tumor cell death pathway and its effect on remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment, its direct impact on the microenvironment, its anti-tumor effect in combination with immunotherapy, and the current status of clinical application of TCM on tumor treatment. TCM can induce tumor cell death in many regulatory cell death (RCD) pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. In addition, TCM-induced cell death could increase the immune cells’ infiltration with an anti-tumor effect in the tumor tissue and elevate the proportion of these cells in the spleen or peripheral blood, enhancing the anti-tumor capacity of the tumor-bearing host. Moreover, TCM can directly affect immune function by increasing the population or activating the sub-type immune cells with an anti-tumor role. It was concluded that TCM could induce a pan-tumor death modality, remodeling the local TIME differently. It can also improve the systemic immune status of tumor-bearing hosts. This review aims to establish a theoretical basis for the clinical application of TCM in tumor treatment and to provide a reference for TCM’s potential in combination with immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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