AlGaInP-Based Visible Red Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers Without Regrowth

AlGaInP-based visible red photonic crystal (PC) surface emitting lasers (SELs) without regrowth were demonstrated for the first time. Square-latticed and circular-shaped holes were deeply etched to form the air-pillar PC structure, where indium-tin-oxide was deployed to facilitate both current injection and laser light transmission. The optically pumped and electrically injected PC-SELs lased in wavelength range of 626-667 nm and 650-670 nm, respectively. For the best PC-SEL of 656-nm emissions, threshold current density was as low as 1.4 kA/cm2 and maximum laser power over 18 mW was achieved at 2.5 A. The un-optimized V-shaped PC holes led to weak optical coupling, which was manifested in the reconstructed band structure without clear bandgap opening at $\Gamma $ point. Therefore, one-dimensional lasing oscillation was favored and radiation far-field exhibited two-lobe pattern. Lastly, temperature dependent threshold currents and lasing wavelengths of PC-SELs were measured and investigated in terms of gain-cavity detuning.