A copper-based MOF/COF hybrid as an innovative fiber coating for SPME sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental matrices

A novel Cu-MOF/COF hybrid material was synthesized and applied as a sorbent for headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples. The morphology and structure of the Cu-MOF/COF hybrid were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The influential experimental parameters were investigated and optimized using a Box-Behnken design. Under the optimal condition, the proposed method showed low detection limits over the range of 0.1-0.5 ng g−1. Calibration graphs exhibited linearity within a range of 1.0 to 1000 ng g−1 and relative standard deviations ranged from 2.9 to 8.4% (n = 6). Successful application of the Cu-MOF/COF sorbent was achieved for the analysis of PAHs in contaminated soil samples. These findings highlight the effectiveness and reliability of the Cu-MOF/COF hybrid sorbent for the HS-SPME sampling of ultratrace PAHs in solid samples with complex matrices.