Molybdate ion leaching and re-adsorption facilitate structural and electronic modulation of nickel–iron catalysts for seawater electrolysis

Continuous leaching of MoO 4 2− accelerates the collapse of the host structure and generation of NiFeOOH. The re-adsorbed MoO 4 2− modify the electronic environment of the Ni and Fe sites and modulates their d-band centers, boosting the OER kinetics.