Combining Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Surgery with Lumboperitoneal Shunt Surgery for Patients with Coexisting Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Technical Note

Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a condition characterized by an abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis in the brain, resulting in cognitive decline, gait disturbances, and urinary incontinence. Globally, the frequency of NPH becomes has become a major clinical concern with an increase in the elderly population. A lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt surgery is one therapeutic intervention, which diverts CSF from the brain to the peritoneal cavity to mitigate NPH symptoms. However, LP shunt surgery can be precluded by lumbar spine degeneration.