An International Consensus on Evaluation and Management of Idiopathic Genu Valgum: A Modified Delphi Survey

Background: Idiopathic genu valgum beyond physiological limits may require treatment, which is based on age, growth remaining, and the magnitude of the deformity. There is no consensus on clinical, or radiologic evaluation, indications, and management of idiopathic genu valgum, which can range from observation to surgical treatment using various modalities. If available, such guidelines will help surgeons offer optimal treatment to their patients. The aim of our study was to establish an expert consensus on the evaluation and treatment of idiopathic genu valgum. Methods: An international panel of 29 pediatric orthopaedic surgeons from 17 countries with clinical and research experience in the management of limb deformity participated in a modified Delphi survey. Surgeons were provided with patient and deformity characteristics and voted on 46 statements on history, clinical examination, radiographic evaluation, and treatment options for idiopathic genu valgum in round 1. Consensus was defined as when statements received ≥70% votes. Statements that were important but received <70% votes were reworded for clarity in round 2 (n=13). Results: Consensus was achieved for 28/46 statements and included obtaining a full-length standing radiograph of the lower extremities and measuring joint orientation angles. Participants did not agree to offer surgical treatment based only on the intermalleolar distance. They recommended surgical treatment if the mechanical axis falls in zone 2 or beyond on the lateral side and using guided growth by tension-band plating when the growth remaining is at least 2 years. The panel agreed on performing common peroneal nerve decompression for specific indications such as acute, opening wedge osteotomy of >20 degrees, but not for gradual correction. Consensus was not reached for indications and methods of bone age assessment, treatment when growth remaining is <1 year, indications for implant removal after guided growth in younger children, and the type of osteotomy for acute deformity correction. Conclusions: We have generated consensus statements to guide the management of idiopathic genu valgum. Statements that lack consensus are areas for future multicenter research. Level of Evidence: Level V.