PIAS family gene expression: implications for prognosis, immunomodulation, and chemotherapy response

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and metastasis. Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT (PIAS) family genes, comprising PIAS1, PIAS2, PIAS3, and PIAS4, are emerging as significant players in cancer biology due to their roles in SUMOylation, transcriptional regulation, and modulation of signal transduction pathways. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of PIAS family genes from a pan-cancer viewpoint.