Tunable siloxane-induced amphiphilic interphase for high-performance gel polymer–based sodium metal batteries

This work finds that the spontaneously grafted O-Si-O motifs on Na anode are highly dependent of the molecular structure of siloxanes. And the DMES with moderate functionality can help to build a robust electrolyte–electrode bridge, and to improve the interfacial stability between GPE and Na anode. Thus, the SMBs with DMES-GPE achieve an ultra-stable cycling over 14000 cycles with a high capacity retention (85.9 %) and present high tolerance to wider operating-voltages and excessive HF/H 2 O contents.