The Role of Engineering Geology Mapping and GIS-Based Tools in Geotechnical Practice

Maps are of fundamental topical importance in the geology and engineering practice, mainly in field data surveys, synthesis and communication related to several domains, such as applied geomorphology, engineering geology, hydrogeology, soil and rock geotechnics, slope geotechnics and site investigation. The preparation of geological maps and plans specifically for engineering purposes is still a challenging task. The application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and geovisualisation techniques for geosciences and engineering are gaining increasing relevance. New developments in surveying acquisition for applied mapping—sketch or general maps, engineering geological maps and geotechnical maps, at diverse scales—take on critical importance in further ground investigations and modelling stages. It is also essential to highlight the value and cost-effectiveness of accurate mapping for geotechnical practice. The present chapter summarises the state of the art regarding engineering geology mapping techniques, methods, and models. Additionally, it intends to focus on an insightful geotechnical mapping reasoning concept established on advanced methods such as geomatic techniques, geovisualisation techniques, unmanned aerial vehicles for detailed surveys, and ground and numerical modelling.