Ginseng-derived exosome-like nanovesicles extracted by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation to inhibit osteoclast differentiation

microcomputerized tomography, bone volume/total volume ratios, and bone mineral density and bone cavity measurements demonstrated the inhibitory effect of GDNs against osteoclast differentiation in lipopolysaccharide-induced bone resorption mouse models. The results of this work suggest that GDNs are anti-osteoporotic by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and are, therefore, promising for use in the clinical prevention and treatment of bone loss diseases.