Screening and isolation of acid-tolerant bacteria using a novel pH shift culture method

Acid-tolerant bacteria, which multiply under neutral pH and can survive under acidic pH conditions, have a potential role in various applications under acidic conditions. Despite higher biomass productivity, their isolation and utilisation are not sufficiently developed compared to those of acidophiles. It takes considerable effort to distinguish the acid-tolerant bacteria from the rest of the bacterial community using conventional screening methods. Thus, we developed a novel screening method for acid-tolerant bacteria, which involves shifting the pH between acidic and neutral conditions. With this method, the bacterium Enterobacter sp. AC06 was isolated. Based on comparisons with the results reported in previous studies, the strain can be classified as acid-tolerant bacteria. The decreases in the live cell concentrations were 3.87 and 6.16 log cycles after 3 h acid treatment under pH 3.0 and 2.5, respectively. These results suggest that it is possible to isolate acid-tolerant bacteria using the pH shift culture method. In summary, this is the first study on bacterial screening based on acid tolerance. Our novel method potentially contributes to the understanding and utilisation of acid-tolerant bacteria by enhancing screening efficiency. Furthermore, our novel concept shift culture is potentially valuable for screening previously uncultured bacteria tolerant to various selective stress conditions.