Controllable crystallization by way of solvent engineering for perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their rapid growth in efficiency and low cost. In this work, an effective perovskite material was developed by the interaction of chloride (Cl − ) ions and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Crystal nucleus formation was enhanced, and the crystallization was delayed by adding a moderate amount of chloride ions to the (FAPbI 3 ) 0.85 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.15 solution while reducing the amount of DMSO properly. This helped expand the grain size while eliminating cracks and particles on the Cl-(FAPbI 3 ) 0.85 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.15 perovskite film. The proposed PSCs were shown to exhibit high power conversion efficiency of 18% with negligible hysteresis.