Characteristics of Abalone Mussel Shells <i>(Halioitis asinina) </i>with Calcination Temperature Variations as a Basic Material for Synthesis of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite

Carbonated Hydroxyapatite (CHAp) is hydroxyapatite (HAp) substituted with carbonate ions that are similar to natural bone inorganic constituents. CHAp based on abalone mussel shells (Halioitis asinina) with calcination temperature variations were successfully synthesized using the precipitation method. Abalone mussel shells powder was calcined at 650, 800 and 1000°C for 4 hours, that aimed to obtain calcium oxide (CaO) which has the best characteristics as a source of calcium (Ca) in the CHAp synthesis process. The effect of calcination temperature variations on the characteristics of abalone mussel shells powder was investigated and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). In this study, calcination temperature variations affected the crystalline phase and the percentage of calcium (Ca) and carbonate (CO 3 2- ) ions. The results of the characterization show that the calcination temperature at 1000°C is the optimum temperature to obtain CaO powder as a source of calcium (Ca) in CHAp synthesis.