Chemical- and Mechanical-Induced Lubrication Mechanisms during Hot Rolling of Titanium Alloys Using a Mixed Graphene-Incorporating Lubricant

Hot rolling of titanium alloy currently is carried out without lubrication because of the surface defects. In order to explore an effective lubrication scheme to reduce friction and wear during hot rolling of titanium alloy, a mixed graphene-incorporating lubricant has been proposed to study its lubrication performance and mechanism. The tribological experiments were carried out by ball-disk friction and wear tester under hot-rolling parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy spectrum analyzer (EDS), X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) and Raman analysis were used to analyse the surface and cross-section of the wear marks on the samples after the tribological experiments. The results show that the friction coefficient decreases up to about 35% compared with tests under dry and lubricated conditions. The surface quality of the wear marks is improved significantly after applying the proposed lubricant. The graphene which is embedded in the phosphate film can be effectively applied as a lubricating material to strengthen the lubricating film with less combustion loss at high temperatures. A chemical- and mechanical-induced lubrication mechanism for the hot rolling of titanium sheets has been proposed due to the synergistic lubrication effect of the graphene, ZrO₂ nano particles and phosphate. It is of great significance and potential value to apply this proposed lubricant as an effective way to reduce the wear, friction and oxidation during the hot-rolling process of titanium alloy.