Objective To explore the expression and significance of NF-κB and IκB in laryngeal carcinoma.Methods The expression of NF-κB p65 and IκBα was examined by immunohistochemical S-P method in tissue of 40 cases of laryngeal carcinoma and normal mucous membrane of 20 cases.Results The expression of NF-κB p65 was higher and the expression of IκBα was lower in laryngeal carcinoma tissue than in normal laryngeal mucous membrane(P0.05).The expression of NF-κB P65 was higher and the expression of IκBα was lower in the carcinoma tissue with neck lymph node metastasis than that without neck lymph node metastasis(P0.05).Conclusion The expression of NF-κB and IκB is abnormal in laryngeal carcinoma and it has a close relation with the occurrence,development and metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma.The inhibition of NF-κB can offer a new target of the treatment in laryngeal carcinoma.