With regard to the situation of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project,that is,large scope,many users,non-uniform spatiotemporal distribution of water resources and large periodic change of hydrology,the necessity of establishment of water bank for the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is analyzed by use of the successful experience from water transfer projects in California of USA.Efficient dispatching modes and advanced management system of water resources are needed.