Prevalence and molecular characterization of common thalassemia among people of reproductive age in the border area of Guangxi-Yunnan-Guizhou province in Southwestern China

Objectives: Thalassemia, the most common global monogenetic disorder, is highly prevalent in southern China. Epidemiological and molecular characterization of thalassemia is important for designing appropriate prevention strategies in high-risk areas, especially the border area of Guangxi-Yunnan-Guizhou province in southwestern China.Methods: We recruited 38812 reproductive age couples and screened them for thalassemia. Routine blood tests as well as hemoglobin components and levels were evaluated. In addition, suspected thalassemia were identified by gap polymerase chain reaction (Gap-PCR) and PCR-based reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB).Results: The overall prevalence of thalassemia was 26.76%. Specifically, incidences of α-thalassemia, β-thalassemia, and concurrent α- and β-thalassemia were 17.52%, 6.92%, and 2.32%, respectively. The diagnosed α-thalassemia anomalies were associated with six gene mutations and 25 genotypes. The β-thalassemia anomalies were associated with 12 gene mutations and 15 genotypes. Moreover, among the 1799 concurrent mutated α- and β-thalassemia genes, 95 different genotypes were identified. Couples in which both partners were positive for α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia isotypes were 8.80% and 2.08%, respectively. The proportion of couples at a risk of having children with thalassemia major or intermedia was high.Conclusions: This study elucidates on the prevalence and molecular characterization of thalassemia in the border area of Guangxi-Yunnan-Guizhou provinces. These findings provide valuable baseline data for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis, with the overarching goal of preventing and controlling severe thalassemia.