High conductivity micro-wires in diamond following arbitrary paths

High quality graphitic wires embedded beneath the surface of single crystal diamond are fabricated using a combination of adaptive ultrashort pulsed laser fabrication, high numerical aperture focusing, and an axial multi-fabrication scheme. Wires are created with micrometer and sub-micrometer dimensions that can follow any three dimensional path within the diamond. The measured conductivities are over an order of magnitude greater than previously reported wires fabricated by ultra-short pulsed lasers. The increased level of graphitization control in this scheme appears particularly important for fabrication of wires parallel to the diamond surface.