Diverse Small Non-coding RNAs in RNA Interference Pathways

Large numbers of diverse small non-coding RNAs have been discovered and characterized in eukaryotic RNA interference pathways. These small RNAs have distinctive characteristics and are associated with Argonaute family proteins to regulate gene expression and genomes at various levels. These small RNAs include the Dicer-dependent group such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and the Dicer-independent group such as Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). This review summarizes the various classes of eukaryotic small RNAs and the general knowledge of their characteristics, biogenesis, and functions, with emphasis on some of the recently identified small RNAs.