Towards a Semantic-driven Automation of Modelling and Co-Simulation of Energy Systems

Co-simulation of multi-domain energy systems requires coordinating heterogeneous models with complex physical interdependencies, yet existing platforms ensure only syntactic interoperability and depend on manual semantic checks, limiting configuration to experts fluent in both domain physics and orchestration tools. We introduce an ontology-driven framework that uses formal semantic descriptions and a multi-layer validation pipeline to automate this process. The framework aligns established simulation and energy standards within a four-tier architecture comprising structural checks, ontology-derived constraint validation, semantic reasoning over knowledge graphs, and a two-stage physical assessment integrating energy-carrier compatibility with component-level feasibility. Its contributions include automatic constraint generation from ontological axioms, unified verification of electrical properties and energy-carrier semantics, interactive semantic enrichment of legacy FMUs, and persistent composite models stored as reusable graph patterns. In a microgrid case study, the framework automatically identified physically invalid connections, reduced configuration effort, and enabled domain experts to define scenarios autonomously through semantic queries over the model catalog.