材料科学
韧性
弹性体
无定形固体
耐久性
聚合物
复合材料
极限抗拉强度
人工肌肉
柔性电子器件
软机器人
胶粘剂
氢键
软质材料
纳米复合材料
聚氨酯
智能材料
离子液体
离子键合
氢
弯曲
纳米技术
底漆(化妆品)
消散
材料设计
成核
机械强度
摘要
ABSTRACT Ionogels have attracted growing interest as stretchable conductive materials for applications in soft robotics, electronic skins, and wearable electronics. However, achieving a system that integrates mechanical strength, self‐healing, recyclability, and long‐term durability under cyclic loading remains a significant challenge. Traditional designs often lack effective energy dissipation pathways, leading to fatigue accumulation during cyclic deformation. In this study, polyurethane elastomers were synthesized with adipic dihydrazide (ADDH) and imidazolidinyl urea (IAU) as chain extenders, and subsequently complexed with ionic liquids to form PU–IL ionogels. The acylsemicarbazide groups in ADDH form robust hydrogen bonds, analogous to the hard β‐sheet nanocrystals in spider silk, while IAU introduces weaker hydrogen bonds that resemble the soft amorphous protein matrix. During stretching, the strong hydrogen bonds preserve structural integrity, while the weaker bonds reversibly break to dissipate energy. Consequently, the ionogels exhibit impressive mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 12.6 MPa, toughness of 85.7 MJ m −3 , excellent long‐term cyclic load stability, and a broad strain sensitivity range (0.1%–200%). Additionally, the reversible hydrogen‐bonding network facilitates polymer segment reorganization, enabling efficient self‐healing and recyclability. This study proposes a hydrogen‐bonding‐enabled design strategy for high‐performance ionogels, paving the way for next‐generation flexible and wearable electronic applications.
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