The Evolution of Immunotherapy Revolution in Lung Cancer: A 20-Year Perspective

The transition from cytotoxic therapy to the use of treatment to harness the immune system in lung cancer has transformed the biology of the disease leading to prolonged survival. The understanding of tumor immunology and antigen presentation have enabled the development of immune checkpoint inhibition as monotherapy and in combinations across all stages of disease. Improvements in outcomes for patients have established immunotherapy as a cornerstone of lung cancer treatment. This review will highlight key breakthroughs, clinical integration, limitations, and future directions related to immunotherapy for lung cancer.