Selenium speciation drives differential neuroprotection by Se-enriched plant proteins against neuroinflammation

accumulation by 69.2%. These findings suggest that Se-enriched proteins with different Se species exert neuroprotective effects through distinct mechanisms. In LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, Se-enriched protein digests exhibited stronger anti-neuroinflammatory activity than their low-Se counterparts at an equivalent protein concentration. Correlation analysis further revealed that the neuroprotective effect of Se-enriched proteins was more strongly associated with Se speciation than with the protein matrix, indicating that Se species play a dominant role in the observed effects. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of Se speciation in the neuroprotective effects of Se-enriched proteins against neuroinflammation.