Anti-cancer effects of cordyceps sinensis, C. militaris and C. cicadae and their mechanisms of action

Over the past decade, species of Cordyceps, particularly C. sinensis, C. militaris, and C. cicadae, along with their bioactive components cordycepin, ergosterol and polysaccharides, have shown significant anti-cancer potential. These effects are mediated through mechanisms including apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and modulation of key signalling pathways, as reviewed here. Notably, the bioactive components exhibit greater potency than crude extracts, with cordycepin being a promising chemotherapeutic lead. Future investigations into the in vivo efficacy and safety profiles of Cordyceps extracts and their bioactive components are greatly encouraged. Additionally, structural modification of cordycepin may offer opportunities to enhance its therapeutic potential.