Recent progress of non-invasive in vitro diagnosis using electrochemical analysis strategy and wearable microfluidic devices applied to exocrine secretion sampling

Wearable microfluidic devices have flourished in the field of non-invasive in vitro diagnosis ascribe to their advantages of miniaturization, portability, and flexibly integration of biochemical sensors. Electrochemical analysis has been widely utilized for wearable microfluidic devices in vitro applications due to its high sensitivity and miniaturization. This review introduces the key technologies of wearable microfluidic device for exocrine secretion sampling; in vitro diagnostic sensing mechanism of biomarkers in exocrine fluid; the electrochemical analysis strategies on microfluidic device in recent years. Materials for wearable microfluidic chip fabrication, microstructure design for exocrine secretion collection and storage, various biomarkers sensing mechanism development and portable/miniaturized electrochemical detection devices and in vitro diagnostic medical big data processing based on artificial intelligence were critically discussed. This review summarizes the development and opportunities of wearable microfluidic devices for in vitro diagnosis, which may provide systematic reference for development of personalized precision medicine industry through wearable electrochemical technology.