Constructing TiO2 nanotube arrays with oxygen vacancies on a Cu mesh to enable homogeneous Li deposition towards a long-life Li metal anode

TiO 2 nanotubes with in situ grown oxygen vacancies on the Cu mesh can construct a 3D lithiophilic matrix with a large surface area, which can help to lower Li nucleation overpotential and guide homogeneous and dendrite-free Li deposition.