Basic numerical modelling issues in dynamic soil-tunnel interaction

Tunnels are classified as civil engineering infrastructure which serves various functions that are primarily associated with transportation of vehicles and liquids. Their design and construction account for static loads, dynamic loads, seismic motions, explosions, etc., and involves social issues and economic factors as well. In this work, we focus on methods of analysis, which are currently carried out through recourse to the finite element method. In addition, the important topic of material behavior of soil and rock continua is presented. Furthermore, the evolution of tunnel design over the years is addressed, as well as empirical methods and code regulations that developed in parallel. Finally, among the modelling details considered in the current state-of-the art for soil-tunnel modelling, reference is made here to time history analyses, boundary conditions, interface conditions, discretization issues, and selection of dynamic loads.