Comparative Study of Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy and Diabetic Patients without Nephropathy

Background: Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular complications and renal damage in diabetic patients, particularly those with nephropathy. It exacerbates diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and glomerulosclerosis. Objectives: This study aimed to compare lipid abnormalities between diabetic patients with nephropathy and those without, assess correlations with glycemic control and urinary microalbumin, and evaluate dyslipidemia’s impact on renal function. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Patna Medical College & Hospital involving 60 diabetic patients aged 20–60 years, divided into two groups: diabetic patients with nephropathy (Group A, n=30) and without nephropathy (Group B, n=30). Demographics, lipid profiles, glycemic parameters, and renal function were analyzed. Dyslipidemia prevalence was assessed, and statistical significance was determined using SPSS (p<0.05 considered significant). Results: Dyslipidemia was more prevalent in the nephropathy group (73.3% vs. 46.7%, p=0.03), with significantly elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and reduced HDL-C levels. Mean fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, and HbA1c levels were also higher in the nephropathy group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is significantly more severe in diabetic patients with nephropathy, linked to poor glycemic control and renal dysfunction. Targeted lipid management strategies are essential to mitigate cardiovascular and renal risks in these patients.