Ultrafast Sintered Composite Cathode Incorporating a Negative Thermal Expansion Material for High-Performance Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells

Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) offer a promising, clean, and efficient energy conversion solution. However, thermal mismatch between cathodes and electrolytes remains a critical obstacle, leading to interfacial damage such as cracking and delamination. Incorporating negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials into the cathode can mitigate this issue. The challenge lies in integrating NTE materials without compromising electrochemical performance or causing unwanted reactions during sintering. This study introduces a novel BaFe