Rosacea and gastrointestinal diseases: A case-control study in the All of Us database

Introduction Recent reports have suggested a link between rosacea and several gastrointestinal diseases, although the evidence has largely been limited to European and Asian populations. This study seeks to confirm and expand upon the connection between rosacea and gastrointestinal conditions using the diverse All of Us database. Methods We identified 8,319 rosacea patients and selected 4:1 controls matched (n= 33,276) based on age, race, gender, smoking status, insurance status, annual income, education, and alcohol use. Conditional logistic regression was then performed on the matched cohort to assess the relationship between rosacea and Crohn’s disease (CD), microscopic colitis, ulcerative colitis (UC), celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Helicobacter-associated disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Results On logistic regression, rosacea patients were significantly more likely than matched controls to be diagnosed with IBS (odds ratio [OR] 2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.18-2.53, p<0.001), CD (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.53-2.15, p<0.001), UC (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.44-2.02, p<0.001), celiac disease (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.59-2.34, p<0.001), Helicobacter-associated disease (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.50-2.14, p<0.001), and GERD (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.97-2.18, p<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant association between rosacea and microscopic colitis (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.91-2.37, p=0.12). Conclusion This study highlights the presence of notable gastrointestinal comorbidities among individuals with rosacea in a diverse cohort. Consequently, more targeted monitoring of gastrointestinal diseases in rosacea patients may be warranted, as well as potential further investigation into the gut-skin axis in terms of rosacea pathophysiology.