Adaptation of family-based health promotion to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment: NOURISH-ALL

Abstract Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer in the United States, with significant rates of overweight and obesity among affected youth. Excessive weight gain during early ALL treatment is linked to poorer health outcomes, including higher relapse rates and long-term morbidities, highlighting the need for interventions to prevent weight gain and improve prognosis. Purpose This study’s purpose was to adapt family-based health promotion strategies to the early phases of pediatric ALL treatment. Adaptations aimed to create a new intervention (NOURISH-ALL) with the potential to prevent excessive weight gain during ALL treatment. Methods Guided by the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials model phase 1a, this adaptation framework included integrating evidence-based recommendations for family stress, nutrition, and physical activity during pediatric cancer treatment into an existing intervention (NOURISH-T). Multimethod formative assessments were conducted with families, youth with ALL, and multidisciplinary experts to further adapt intervention content, format, and delivery to meet the specific needs of families of youth in the early phases of ALL treatment. Results Sixteen families (11 caregivers; 6 youth with ALL ages 8-12 years) and 11 multidisciplinary experts participated in formative assessments. Adaptations included integration of evidence-based methods to support caregiver distress, consistent messaging around nutrition and activity behaviors, and tailored intervention formats to improve engagement for families with logistical and time-related barriers. Conclusions This study adapted the NOURISH-T intervention to address the unique challenges faced by families during early pediatric ALL treatment (NOURISH-ALL). Further testing is required to evaluate NOURISH-ALL feasibility and efficacy.